Oxytocin vs P21
A detailed comparison to help you understand the differences and choose the right peptide for your research goals.
Oxytocin
Oxytocin is a natural hormone produced in the hypothalamus, often called the 'love hormone' or 'bonding hormone.' It plays key roles in social bonding, childbirth, lactation, and stress regulation.
Full details →P21
P21 is a synthetic peptide derived from Cerebrolysin, specifically designed to mimic the neurotrophic effects of the parent compound. It promotes neurogenesis and has shown cognitive-enhancing properties in research.
Full details →Side-by-Side Comparison
| Aspect | Oxytocin | P21 |
|---|---|---|
| Mechanism | Binds to oxytocin receptors in the brain and peripheral tissues. Promotes social bonding, reduces anxiety and stress response, and has various peripheral effects on smooth muscle contraction. | Inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and activates CREB signaling pathway. This promotes BDNF expression, neurogenesis in the hippocampus, and synaptic plasticity. |
| Typical Dosage | Intranasal: 20-40 IU (international units) for social/anxiolytic effects. Clinical uses (labor induction) require IV administration under medical supervision. | Research protocols typically use 1-5mg administered intranasally or subcutaneously. Often used in cycles of 2-4 weeks. |
| Administration | Intranasal spray for behavioral effects. IV only in clinical settings. Sublingual also possible. Best used situationally rather than continuously. | Can be administered intranasally for direct CNS access or subcutaneously. Best used cyclically rather than continuously. |
| Side Effects | Intranasal: headache, nasal irritation, drowsiness. May cause over-attachment or emotional sensitivity. IV (clinical): uterine hyperstimulation, water retention. | Limited data. Reported effects include mild headache, temporary brain fog during initial use, and fatigue. |
| Best For |
What They Have in Common
Both Oxytocin and P21 are commonly used for: